Tutorial 2000:
        Multi-dimrnsional direct methods have been incorporated into the program VEC.
[1] Fan, Hai-fu, DIMS on the VEC platform CompComm Newsletter No.5, pp. 16-23 (2005) Word document PDF file
[2] Fan, Hai-fu, DIMS/VEC applications CompComm Newsletter No.5, pp. 24-27 (2005) Word document PDF file
MIMS 1999:
        The program MIMS was released
[1] Yang Li, Zheng-Hua Wan & Hai-Fu Fan, J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 1017-1020 (1999). MIMS: a program for measuring four-dimensional Fourier maps of incommensurate modulated structures. PDF file
SPGR4D 1997:
        The program SPGR4D was released
[1] Fu Zheng-qing & Fan Hai-fu , J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 73-78 (1997). A computer program to derive (3+1)-dimensional symmetry operations from two-line symbols. PDF file
DIMS 1994:
        The program DIMS was released
[1] Fu Zheng-qing & Fan Hai-fu, J. Appl. Cryst. 27, 124-127 (1994). DIMS --- A direct method program for incommensurate modulated structures. PDF file
Enlarged image 1992-1996:
        Direct methods of solving composite structures have been established.
[1] Mo You-de, Fu Zheng-qing, Fan Hai-fu, S. van Smaalen, E.J.W. Lam & P.T. Beurskens, Acta Cryst. A52, 640-644 (1996). Direct methods for incommensurate intergrowth compounds III. Solving the average structure in multidimensional space. PDF file
[2] Sha Bing-dong, Fan Hai-fu, S. van Smaalen, E.J.W. Lam & P.T. Beurskens, Acta Cryst. A50, 511-515 (1994). Direct methods for incommensurate intergrowth compounds II. Determination of the modulation using only main reflections. PDF file
[3] Fan Hai-fu, S. van Smaalen, E.J.W. Lam & P.T. Beurskens, Acta Cryst. A49, 704-708 (1993). Direct methods for incommensurate intergrowth compounds I. Determination of the modulation. PDF file
Enlarged image Enlarged image Enlarged image Enlarged image Enlarged image 1990-1999:
        The structural modulation in a number of incommensurate crystals has been successfully studied by multidimensional direct methods without relying on any assumed modulation models. Among the samples there are a mineral, high-Tc superconductors and an organic compound.
[1] Fan Fai-fu, Microscopy Research and Technique 46, 104-116 (1999). Direct Methods in Electron Crystallography - Image Processing and solving incommensurate structures. PDF file
[2] Lam, E.J.W., Beurskens, P.T., Smits, J.M., Smaalen, S. van, Boer, J.L. de, & Fan Hai-fu, Acta Cryst. B51, 779-789 (1995). Determination of the incommensurately modulated structure of (Perylene)Co(mnt)2-(CH2Cl2)0.5 by direct methods. PDF file
[3] Fu Zheng-qing, Li Yang, Cheng Ting-zhu, Zhang Yu-heng, Gu Bing-lin & Fan Hai-fu, Science in China, A38, 210-216 (1995). Incommensurate modulations in Bi-2212 high-Tc superconductor revealed by single-crystal X-ray analysis using direct methods. PDF file
[4] Z.Q. Fu, D.X. Huang, F.H. Li, J.Q. Li, Z.X. Zhao, T.Z. Cheng & H.F. Fan, Ultramicroscopy, 54, 229-236 (1994). Incommensurate modulation in minute crystals revealed by combining high resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction. PDF file
[5] Mo Y.D., Cheng T.Z., Fan H.F., Li J.Q., Sha B.D., Zheng C.D., Li F.H. & Zhao Z.X. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 5, 69-72 (1992) Structural features of the incommensurate modulation in the Pb-doped Bi-2223 high-Tc phase revealed by direct-method electron diffraction analysis. PDF file
[6] Xiang Shi-bin, Fan Hai-fu, Wu Xiao-jing, Li Fang-hua & Pan Qing, Acta Cryst. A46, 929-934 (1990). Direct methods in superspace II. The first application to an unknown incommensurate modulated structure. PDF file
Enlarged image Enlarged image 1987:
        The multi-dimensional direct methods were proposed and a test on solving the incommensurate modulated structure of gamma-Na2CO3 was done without relying on any assumed modulation model.
[1] Hao Quan, Liu Yi-wei & Fan Hai-fu, Acta Cryst. A43, 820-824 (1987). PDF file