A program for QUASicrystal Elementary Refiniment
QUASER91
copyright (c) Dec. 1991 by Akiji Yamamoto
input data instruction
*************************Notice****************************
the site symmetry of each atom is calculated by using
x0, u1, u2, u3, v in (4) without using parameters
z given in (12)
**********************************************************
******data for simulation are inserted here******
(00) job,ids,mthd,...,isys,ihkg,hmax
job : 0 refinement
1 simulation
2 plot experimantal data
ids : number of data sets for ofserved intensity
*****ids<=2 in the present version*****
mthd: 0 powder,
1 single crystal for the first and second
(if any) data sets
isys: 1:icosahedral 2: icosahedral
3:decagonal 4:octagonal, 5: dodecagonal
(1: icosahedral with pentaglnal phason distortion)
(2: icosahedral with cubic phason distortion)
ihkg: generate hkl for ihkg=1 else read from hkl file
hmax: maximum indices for generating hkl
***********************************************
for powder method
***********************************************
****if(mthd = 1) skip (01)-(020)***************
if mthd=0 for both data sets repeat (01)-(015) twice
(01) ih: preferred orientation axis hkl
(02) xray,backgr,wavl
xray=mo,ag,cu,ni,co,fe,cr,tn or tf
****tn: thermal neutron or syncrotron xray****
****tf: time of flight neutron*****
backgr=0,1 for Legendre and Legendre+amorphous compo.
if xray=tn, wavl (wave length of neutron)
(03) qmin,qmax,qint,istep,nrange,ixax,iyax,ilp,rmaxi,nst,alpha :
qmin,qmax: minimum and maximum 2-theta angle (deg)
for xray= mo,ag,cu,ni,co,fe,cr,tn
or (diffraction vector)*2*pi (inverse angstrome)
for xray=tf (see 01)
qint: interval of observed data
(degree or inverse angstrome)
*****qint is meaningless for xray=tf and job=0****
istep: read input intensity with the step of istep
nrange: number of used ranges : 0 means all the range
(0<=nrange<=nrmax=20)
ixax: 1 x-axis=2-theta 0: xaxis=2*pi*q (q:diffraction vector)
iyax: 1 linear scale 2 log scale for y-axis
ilp : 0 no lp-correction for hkl generation in single
crystal method
1 lp-correction for diffractometer
-1 lp-correction for diffractometer
with auto-divergence slit (G=sin(theta))
2 lpg-correction for Guinier diffractometer
3 lpg-correction for KEK SOR diffractometer (Toraya)
4 lp-correction for thermal neutron (no polarization)
rmaxi: maximum radius of diffraction vector in vi
default 1 (rmaxi<=1)
nst : order of similarity transformation for generating
hkl indices
alpha: incident angle for ilp=3
(default -1 for icosahrdral f and i lattice)
(default -2 for decagonal lattice)
****** if(nrange.ne.0) *******
(04) (usrmn,usrmx)
usrmn: beginning of used range in degree (default qmin)
usrmx: end of used range in degree (default qmax)
*****repeat (031) nrange times****
(05) thbm, fi
thbm: bragg angle of monochrometor (deg)
fi : angle between the normal to the specimen
plane and the primary beam in Guinier method (deg)
(06) lenx,leny,vscl,delta
lenx, leny: length of x and y axes
vscl: vertical scale
delta: interval of x axis scale
(07) pb: scale and background parameters (pb(0)-pb(12))
if xray .ne. tf
(08) as: asymmetry parameter
(09) uv: u and v of the theta dependence of hwhm
effective hwhm (1 or 2) is
hwhm*sqr(u*(tan(theta)-w)**2+v*(tan(theta)-w)+1)
(010) gamma : ratio of gauss components
(011) hwhm (half width at half maximum) of gauss and
lorentz functions and their changes proportional
to q-perp
else if xray .eq. tf
(08) sij (s11,s12,s21,s22,)
(09) gij (g11,g12,g13,g2)
(010) ri (r1,r2)
(012) pg : extinction parameter
(013) sgm :absorption corrction parameter
(assuming transmission geometry for Guinier
and cylinder for thermal neutron or syncrotron X-ray)
***** for the latter sgm=mu*R ****
for ilp != 2, or 3, absorption correction is neglected
(014) prefered orientation parameters p1,p2
if xray .ne. tf
(015) zps,c1
zsp : zero point shift
c1 : factor for wave length
this is necessary for combined use of
x-ray and neutron etc because of
the slight deviation of wave length
from the given value
else
(015) c0,c1,c2
c0 : zero point shift for q
c1 : factor for 1
c2 : non linear correction for q
calculated q is c0+c1*q+c2*q**2
(015') bia : overall bi
(016) flnm0: input io data file name (a)
****file format****
intensity (f12.6) for X-ray
intensity 2-theta (2f12.6) for thermal neutron
intensity Q (2f12.6) for TOF neutron
(017) lgr : m35,10/mmm,-5m,8/mmm,12/mmm
laue group (number of equivalent positions)
m35(120),10/mmm(40),-5m(20),8/mmm(32),12/mmm
10/m is not included yet
for P-10m2=P-102m lgr=10/mmm, for 5m lgr=-5m etc.
(018) riccut
riccut: if I/Imax < riccut, it is dropped in the calculation
of the powder pattern
(default 0.001)
(018) ldev 1: BW 2: color
(019) nlp: (number of lattice parameters <=4)
(020) constraint condition for lattice parameters
i,cf,ic,[i,cf,ic.....] (5(i2,f9.5,a1))
i=1: a i=2: c i=3: eps1 i=4:eps2
i=5: eps3, i=6: eps4, i=7: eps5, i=8: eps6
****** repeat (020) nlp times ******
****(01)-(020) are needed only when methd=0 (powder method)***
*******************************************
****** for the single crystal method*******
*******************************************
************skip (01)-(02) if ihkg=0**********
(01) qmin,qmax,rmaxi,nst:
qmin,qmax: minimum and maximum 2-theta angle (deg)
for xray= mo,ag,cu,ni,co,fe,cr,tn
or (diffraction vector)*2*pi (inverse angstrome)
for xray=tf (see 01)
rmaxi: maximum radius of diffraction vector in vi
default 1 (rmaxi<=1)
nst : order of similarity transformation for generating
hkl indices
(02) lgr : m35,10/mmm,-5m,8/mmm,12/mmm
laue group (number of equivalent positions)
m35(120),10/mmm(40),-5m(20),8/mmm(32),12/mmm
10/m is not included yet
for P-10m2=P-102m lgr=10/mmm, for 5m lgr=-5m etc.
************skip (03)-(04) if ihkg=1**********
(03) fnsig,fminc, wg0, nst, itrv, isext, imthd, mu
fnsig : fo > fnsig*sigma(f) is used in the refinement
fminc, wg0: abs(fc) < fmin weight wg0 is used and asterisked
asterisked reflections are removed in
conventional R factor calculations but
are used in Rw factor calculations
nst : number of similarity transformations
nst < 0 ext. scale decrease
nst > 0 ext. scale increase
itrv =0 for no transformation
1 transform to the superstructure indexing in decagonal sys.
isext=1 or -1 secondary extinction correction for x-ray or neutron
correlation function in the manual is used
isext=2 or -2 secondary extinction correction for x-ray or neutron
for anisotropic extinction correction in dihedral cases
(isext=2 or -2 secondary extinction correction for x-ray or neutron)
( correlation function in Kawamura and Kato (Acta Cryst.))
A39 (1983) 305 is used
if isext !=0 then specify imthd
imthd=0 4-circle diffractometer bisecting method
imthd=1 Weissenberg method
mu : mu angle for Weissenberg method (if imthd !=0)
(04) iorf format for h1,h2,.. aiobs,weight(or sig) and iavrg
iorf 0 aiobs=Iobs 1 aiobs=Fobs
iavrg 0 no average 1 averageing equivalent refl. after reading
(05) scl, ads, (adsa), ama
scl : scale for number of syngle crystal data
( if isext !=0 )
ads : extinction parameter *
adsa: anitotropic extinction parameter(only for isext=+-2)*
ama : extinction parameter *
(06) bia : overall bi
************* if isext=0 skip (07)-(011)*************
***********data for absorption and extinction corrections*************
* the bisecting position (omega=0) is assumed *
* (busing et al. 1967, acta cryst. 22, 475.) *
* (07) nbf,mp,mq,mr,icm *
* nbf: number of equations designating boundary conditions *
* nbf = 1 ellipsoidal crystal *
* ellipsoidal crystals *
* (x/aa)**2+(y/bb)**2+(z/cc)**2=ff**2 nbf=1 *
* nbf = -1 cylindorical crystal *
* (x/aa)**2+(y/bb)**2=ff**2 -cc <=z<=cc nbf=-1 *
* polyhedral crystals *
* nbf >=4 polyhedral crystal *
* aa*x+bb*y+cc*z=ff nbf>=4 *
* mp,mq,mr: number of divisions along x,y,z axes in integral *
* icm: 0 ub matrix, 1 u matris or 2 itsu Euler angles (see 031)*
* ((cm(i,j),j=1,3),i=1,3) *
* (hx,hy,hz)=(h,k,l)*cm ub matrix (icm=0) *
* hx,hy,hz: rectangular coordinates in instrument *
* system (in inverse angstrome) *
* (hx,hy,hz)=(hx',hy',hz')*cm u matrix (icm=1) *
* hx',hy',hz': rectangular coordinates fixed in *
* a crystal (in inverse angstrome) *
* euang1: Euler angle for crystal orien. (icm=2) *
* mp*mq*mr<=1000 ******related common variables *
* common /extcr2/ ex,ey,ez,wxyz *
* (08) aa,bb,cc,ff *
* boundary cond. *
* ellipsoidal crystals *
* (x/aa)**2+(y/bb)**2+(z/cc)**2=ff**2 nbf=1 *
* cylindorical crystals *
* (x/aa)**2+(y/bb)**2=ff**2 -cc <=z<=cc nbf=-1 *
* polyhedral crystals *
* or aa*x+bb*y+cc*z=ff nbf>=4 *
*******************************************************
* (x,y,z in mm, and ff must be positive) *
*******************************************************
* repeat (27) by abs(nbf) times *
* *
* (09) wv,abc0,bth,amag,a0,c0 *
* wv: wave length in 10**-8 cm *
* abc0: linear absorption coefficient in mm**-1 *
* bth: bragg angle for monochrometer in degree *
* (if monochrometer is not used bth=0) *
* amag: magnification of calculated structure factors *
* if(icm = 0) then *
* a0,c0: lattice constants used for the data correction and *
* for the cell orientation matrix *
* *
* (010) cm (icm=0 or 1) or euang1 (icm=2) *
* cm: cell orientation matrix (ub or u matrix) *
* cubic system with a0 is used for icosahedral *
* tetragonal system with a0, c0 is used for polyhedral *
* quasicrystals *
* ((cm(i,j),j=1,3),i=1,3) *
* if(icm.eq.0) cm : ub matrix *
* (hx,hy,hz)=(h,k,l)cm *
* where (h,k,l) are real indices of a reflection *
* hx,hy,hz: rectangular coord. in instrument system *
* (phi-axis system in 4-circle) (in inverse angstrome) *
* if(icm.ne.1) cm : u matrix *
* (hx,hy,hz)=(x,y,z)*cm *
* x,y,z: rectangular coordinates fixed in a crystal *
* (in inverse angstrome) *
* where z axis is parallel to z-axis *
* y axis is in y-z plane and normal to hz' axis *
* x axis is normal to hz' and hy' axes *
* if(icm.eq.3) euang1 : Euler angle making u matrix *
* (euang1= phi, theta, psi in degree) *
* *
* (011) om *
* om: the transformation matrix from instrument system to *
* the system describing the boundary conditions *
* ((om(i,j),j=1,3),i=1,3) *
* *
**********************************************************************
**********repeat (01-020) or (01-011) ids times*********
(022) flnm1:file name for hkl mpl file (for powder)
or
(012) flnm1 : file name for hkl-fo sigma file (for single crystal)
***** repeat (022) or (012) ids times *****
(0) flnm2 : file name for parameter file
(0) inpm
inpm=0 separatel file (standard input, flnm3 and flnm4)
=1 standard input only
(1) title
(2) a,(c),eps1,eps2,eps3,eps4,eps5,eps6
a: lattice papameter
c: lattice papameter for 2-dimensional quasicrystal
eps1: pentagonal phason distortion (isys=1)
cubic phason distortion (isys=2)
eps2: orthorhombic phason distortion 1 (1,1 element) (isys=1,3..)
trigonal phason distortion (isys=2)
eps3: orthorhombic phason distortion 2 (2,2 element) (isys=1,3..)
trigonal phason distortion 1 (isys=2)
eps4: monoclinic phason distortion 3 (1,2 element) (isys=1,3..)
eps5: monoclinic phason distortion 4 (2,1 element) (isys=1,3..)
eps6: phonon distortion (along z-axis isys=1,3..)
trigonal phonon distortion 2 (isys=2)
****trigonal phason eps2 and eps3 in isys=2 include cubic phason****
****therefore eps1 should be fixed at zero in the trigonal case****
****** the phason matrix used is
obtained by fortran program lphason.f
but this is the transpose of U in
Acta Cryst A52 509 (1996)
******************************************
(3) na, npod
na: number of atoms (<=namax=160)
npod : number of predefined occupation domains (<=namax=50)
******** if inpm=1 skip (4) ******
(4) flnm3
flnm3 : filename which gives the following items
******** if inpm=0 skip (01)-(07) ******
######################.pod file################################
(01) nsymo,icent,brv,itwin
nsymo: number of generators in symmetry operations
icent: give 1 for centrosymmetryc
give 0 otherwise
brv : bravais lattce p, i, f, s, c
s : superlattice for decagonal quasicrystal
c : color symmetry for decagonal lattice with P_2c
****** see (11) ******
(02) 'symmetry operator' header and
(03) symmetry operator in the format of I.T.
for example x,y,z,t,u,v; x+1/2,y,z+1/2,t,u,v etc.
******** repeat (03) nsymo times
*****if itwin=0 skip (04)-(05)******
(04) 'twin operator' header and
(05) symmetry operator in the format of I.T.
for example x,y,z,t,u,v; x+1/2,y,z+1/2,t,u,v etc.
(04) n, nej0, itype, str
n : serial number for the guide to the eye
nej0 :number of edge vectors for predefined occupation domain (<=nemax=5)
itype : 1 domain with icosahedral, degagonal, octagonal or dodecagonal symmetry
2 domain with other symmetry
-1 domain with icosahedral, degagonal or octagonal symmetry for test
-2 domain with other symmetry for test
negative itype is faster than positive one but
two calculations should give the same result (please test)
str : string for comments
(05) ej : edge vectors of their internal components or principal axes
ej(1)-ej(6)
repeat (05) ne times
(06) nth, (mej(1),mej(2),,),... nth times
nth: number of tetrahedra
mej: a triplet of vector numbers specifying a tetrahedron
(for isys=1,2)
mej: a pair of vector numbers specifying a rhombus
(for isys=3,4,5)
(07) iaslct(1-(nsymo+icent*nsymo)) (60i1)
flags for pseudo-site symmetry operator
******** repeat (04)-(07) npod times
******** if inpm=1 skip (5) ******
(5) flnm4
flnm4 : filename which gives the following items
******** if inpm=0 skip (01)-(08) ******
#####################.atm file###########################
(06) no,symb,ien,ish,ne,be,bi,rmin,rmax,p,s1,s2 (*)
no: atom number
symb: site symbol
ien: scattering facter table used
ish >0: ish-th predefined occupation domain
for icosahedral case
ish=0 other polyhedron
ish=-1: ellipsoid
ish=-2: sphere ( rmax: the radius of the sphere )
for dihedral case
ish=0 triangle
ish=-1: ellips
ish=-2: circle ( rmax: the radius of the sphere )
ne : number of edge vectors for ish=0 (<=nemax=7)
number of principal axes (=2 or 3) for ish=1
consequtive three vectors are regarded as the edge vectors
of a tetrahedron defining the occupation domain (ish=0)
be: isotropic temperature factor in external space
bi: isotropic temperature factor in internal space
****** for decagonal case *****
be: isotropic temperature factor in the plane normal to 10
bi: isotropic temperature factor in internal space
ramin : scale for unoccupied tetrahedron or rhombohedron
ramax : scale for occupied tetrahedron or rhombohedron
if ish=2 ramax=1 means shere with radius of 1.4325 (ca)
(radius of the shere equivalent to unit triacontahedron
creating the 3d penrose pattern)
p : occupation probability
s1 : percentage of first component
s2 : percentage of second component
(** one site is assumed to be occupied by three atoms**)
***************notice***************
the empty domain is the inverse of the occupied domain
****** for colored atom give xi(6)=1 (normal color)
or -1 (inverse color)********
****** colored atom should be black (icol=0) or white (icol=10) ****
******** colored symmetry is only available for polygonal cases ******
(07) x
(08) xe1, u1
(09) xe2, u2
(010) xe3, u3
(011) xi, v
x(1)-x(6): coordinate of atom in 5D (decag, octag) 6D (ico, dodec)
xe1(1)-xe1(6) etc. or xe1(1)-xe1(7) etc. (dodec only)
direction of the shift along the external space
in 6D (decag, octag, ico) and 7D (dodec) coordinate system
********* these are normalized in the program ********
********* so that u1, u2, u3 are shifts in angstrome ********
xi(1)-xi(6): shift along the internal space
in 6D (decag, octag, ico) and 7D (dodec) coordinate system
u1,u2,u3,v: their amplitudes
(012) isyd
symmetry operator number for rotating small o.d.
defined in .pod file
******** if ish > 0 or ish = -2 skip (013) (014) *****
(013) ej : edge vectors of their internal components or principal axes
ej(1)-ej(6)
for ish=-1 radii for 3 principal axis is given by abs(ej)*rmax
repeat (07) ne times
(014) nth, (mej(1),mej(2),,),... nth times
nth: number of tetrahedra
mej: a triplet of vector numbers specifying a tetrahedron
(for isys=1,2)
mej: a pair of vector numbers specifying a tetrahedron
(for isys=3,4,5)
******** repeat (06)-(014) na times
#####################end of .atm file###########################
(6) ne,xorn,iand,inpd,iel, ..., atp
ne: number of atomic-scattering-factor tables
xorn: 'x' for X-ray 'n' for neutron
iand: give 1 when the anomalous dispersion correction is
made, otherwise give 0.
inpd: give 0 for atomic scattering table in a program
give 1 when coefficients of 4-exponential-function
approximation of the atomic scattering factors
give 2 for atomic scattering table is given
iel: three chemical species for the scattering fact. tbl.
atp: chemical composition of the sample (eg. 0.7 0.13 0.17 etc.)
(7) 'scattering factor' (header)
(7') scattering factor given by
atom symbol like 'Na' for inpd=0 ('Vc' for the vacancy)
**** if inpd=0 and iand=1 followed by f' and f" ****
(a(i),b(i),i=1,4),c (*) for inpd=1 (4 Gaussian approximation)
(asct(i),i=1,35) (*) for inpd=2 (table with interval of 0.05)
********** if(iand=0 or inpd=0 skip (8)
(8) real and imaginary parts of anom. disp. cor. (*)
******** repeat (6)-(8) ne*ids times
(9) itempf : 0 for isotropic 1 for anisotropic temperature factor
for itempf=1
xe1,xe2,xe3 are used to describe anisotropic temperature factor
however if xe1 and xe2 are orthogonal then third axis orthogonal
to them are used neglecting specified xe3. in this case
zero vector xe3 can be specified if it is not necessary
as a shift vector
(10) nx number of variable parameters
(11) z,jz,(ja1(j),ja2(j),ea(j),j=1,jz)
z : independent parameter
jz : number of terms related with z
ja1: atom number
ja2: 1-12 : u1,u2,u3,be,b1,bi,p,s1,s2,v,ramin,ramax
ea : coefficient
u,v,etc. = z*ea
*******repeat (11) nx times********
******** if job !=0 skip (12)-(14)*****
(12) iwf, fct (if f table necessary, iwf=1 otherwise iwf=0
fct: magnification of f in the f table
(13) istdv icont ifunc iwght a1 a2
istdv: =1 standard deviations are calculated
=0 no standard deviations are calculated
icont: =1 parameters saved in disc are used
=0 parameters specified in data cards are used
time
ifunc: =1 sin cos exp functions are used
=0 sin cos exp tables are used to save the computing
for single crystal method
iwght: =0 given weight is used for single crystal data
=1 unit weignt is used for single crystal data
=2 weight=1/(sigmaf**2) is used for single crystal data
provided that third column in (022) is sigma
=3 weight=1/(sigmaf'**2) is used for single crystal data
provided that third column in (022) is sigma
and sigmaf'=sqrt(sigmaf**2+a1*F+(a2*f)**2)
a1 and a2 are the measur for minimum relative error
so that rough value of a1 and a2 will be 0.01 or so)
*********************
a1,a2 coefficients for sigmaf' (necessary only when iwght=3)
*********************
for powder method
iwght: =0 1/yo is used for powder data (conventional weight)
=1 1/yo**2 is used for powder data (proposed by Toraya)
=2 1/yo**3 is used for powder data (proposed by Toraya)
indices to different lattice constant coordinate system
(14) nrblk
nrblk: number of refinement blocks
(15) maxc eps dmpf aydm alph
maxc: maximum cycles of the least squars refinement (maxc>=0)
eps: if r factor difference < eps then stop
dmpf: damping factor (standard value is about 0.2)
aydm: cutoff radius of diffraction vector in angstrome**-1
(if aydm=0 default value aydm=5 is used)
alph: refinement minimizes modified weighted r-factor with
weight factor exp(-alph*(y/2)**2)*w, where y is the
reflection vector in the reciprocal space and w is the
weight factor specified by wght
alph=0: normal weight factor
******* in the present version alph does not work ******
(16) ipnf1 ipnf2,ipnf3,ipreset,isreset
ipnf1: 1 for the use of penaltyfunction on p,s1,s2
ipnf2: 1 for the use of penaltyfunction on chemical composition
ipnf3: 1 for the use of penalty function on be, bi, b1
ipreset: 1 for resetting p at zero or 1 if
it is less than 0.03 or greater than 0.97
isreset: 1 for resetting s1 and/or s2 at zero or 1 if
they are less than 0.03 or greater than 0.97
(17) grad1,grad2,grad3,bmin
grad1, grad2, and/or grad3 if ipnf1, ipnf2 and/or ipnf3 is 1
bmin
****** if itempf=0 skip (18) *****
(18) itempfi (80i1) (temperature factor selection for each OD)
0 for isotropic 1 for anisotropic temperature factors
(19) parameter selection flags for structural parameters (80i1)
if i-th parameter is refined, give 1 at i-th column
otherwise give 0
(20) selection flags for scale, extinction parameters (mthd=1)
or profile parameters (mthd=0) (80i1)
***********repeat (15)-(18) nrblk times*********************
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On 16 Aug 2005, 08:54.